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2nd Year Biology MCQS 

A pair of kidneys consists of millions of functional units called:

nephrons 

dendrons

neurons

flatirons

Abdomen has a peritoneal cavity, lined by a thin epithelium called:

pericardium

scrotal sac

peritoneum 

pleura




About 500 ml water is needed to excrete 1g of ammonia:

hydrogen

nitrogen

oxygen

helium

All invertebrates, amphibians, and reptiles are

homeotherms

heterotherms

poikilotherms

none

Among the vertebrates hagfishes are isotonic with their surrounding: 

pond water

lake water

river water

seas water

Animals excreting ammonia are called: 

ammonotelic

uricotelic

excretotelic

ureotelic

Animals excreting urea are called:

ammonotelic

uricotelic

excretotelic

ureotelic

Animals excreting uric acid are called:

ammonotelic

uricotelic

excretotelic

ureotelic

Antidiuretic hormone (ADH) released from the posterior pituitary acts to actively transport water from the filtrate to the kidneys: 

pelvis 

cortex

medulla

interstitium

Bats and hummingbirds are called: 

heterotherms

endotherms

ectotherms

poikilotherms

For evaporative cooling, bats use: (6

saliva

urine

sweat

all of these

The end products of hemoglobin breakdown and metabolites of various hormones are:

glucagon's

keratin

bilirubin

serotonin

Which are homeotherms:

amphibians

fishes

reptiles

birds

Bony fishes have adapted to drink large amounts of sea'ssea water and excrete concentrated:

urea 

urine

ammonia

uric acid

Bowman capsule continues as an extensively convoluted proximal tubule, a loop of Henle, and the distal tubule, which empties into:

collecting tubules

malpighian tubules

renal tubules

neural tubules

In juxtamedullary nephrons, additional capillaries extend down to form a loop of vessels:

vasa efferentia

vasa recta

vasa deferentia

vasa recta

Bowman's capsule is around a ball of capillaries called:

pyramid

glomerulus

pelvis

medulla

Cartilaginous fishes retain trimethylamine oxide for protection against: 

ammonia

uric acid

fatty acids

urea

Creatinine is produced from muscle:

creatine

glucose

glycogen

creatine carbonate

Dialysis cleans the blood either by:

passing it through an artificial kidney 

filtering it within the abdomen 

removing the whole blood from the body 

both a & b

A kidney machine that works on the same principles as in the kidney for the removal of nitrogenous wastes and excess water from the blood is: 

dialyzer

dilator

diameter

dialysis

Drinking and eating moist foods compensate for the loss of:

urine

urea

water 

sweat

Earthworm is the ideal example of a tubular excretory system called:

protonephridia

metanephridia 

mesonephridia  

pre nephridia

The animals which produce metabolic heat at low levels are.d absorb heat from their surroundings are:

ectotherms

heterotherms

endotherms

homeotherms

Fever or high temperature helps in stimulating the protective mechanisms against the:

cold 

pathogens

wind 

shivering

Freshwater flatworms excrete very dilute:

tissue fluid 

urine

plasma

fluid

Freshwater protozoa, Amoeba, and Paramecium pump out excess water by structures:

gullet 

nephridia

contractile vacuoles

kidneys

Ground squirrels move to burrows in midday:

heat

cold

light

bee

Haemodialysis means:

removing the blood

cleaning the blood

diluting the blood

storing the blood

In haemodialysis, blood is circulated through a machine that contains a dialyzer, called:

natural kidney

permanent kidney

artificial kidney

temporary kidney

The animals which are capable of varying degrees of endothermic heat production but generally do not regulate their body temperature within a narrow range:

ectotherms

historian

heterotherms

endotherms

homeotherms

Animals, on exposure to changing air or water temperature, maintain their body temperature are:

poikilotherms

ectotherms

homeotherms

both a & c

Mostly excess nitrogen is excreted by animals as:

ammonia

urea

uric acid

all a, b, c

Only 1ml water is required to eliminate 1g of nitrogen in the form of:

stearic acid

uric acid

nitric acid 

aspartic acid

Osmoregulation is the regulation of water and solutes between:

organisms

organisms & environment 

environment.

water bodies

Panting, the evaporative cooling in the respiratory tract is the other mechanism as represented in the 

lizards

dogs

frogs

skunks

Planaria, the flatworms, have a simple tubular excretory system

called: (MB-2006)

metanephridium

prenephridium

mesonephridium

protonephridium

Plants cells have large vacuoles; these can be used for:

storage of useful compounds

storage of waste substances

removal of wastes

both a & b

Plants respond to cold stress by increasing the proportion of:

amino acids

unsaturated fatty acids

saturated fatty acids

nucleic acids

Plants use evaporative cooling to manage high:

temperature 

moisture

cold wind

Some mammals possess brown fat, which is specialized for rapid

heat

urine

sweat

feces

The animals in which body temperature tends to fluctuate more or less as the air or water temperature change are:

homeotherms

poikilotherms

endotherms  

heterotherms